{"id":1156,"date":"2022-09-09T17:44:23","date_gmt":"2022-09-09T10:44:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/?p=1156"},"modified":"2022-09-09T17:49:28","modified_gmt":"2022-09-09T10:49:28","slug":"huong-dan-cau-hinh-chan-spam-referer-tren-nginx","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/huong-dan-cau-hinh-chan-spam-referer-tren-nginx\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ch\u1eb7n SPAM referer tr\u00ean NGINX"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>I. T\u1ed5ng quan<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 referer trong HTTP header s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 website <span class=\"VIiyi\" lang=\"vi\"><span class=\"JLqJ4b ChMk0b\" data-language-for-alternatives=\"vi\" data-language-to-translate-into=\"de\" data-phrase-index=\"3\" data-number-of-phrases=\"6\"><span class=\"Q4iAWc\">tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn trang trang web \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"JLqJ4b ChMk0b\" data-language-for-alternatives=\"vi\" data-language-to-translate-into=\"de\" data-phrase-index=\"4\" data-number-of-phrases=\"6\"><span class=\"Q4iAWc\">N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n, referer l\u00e0 URL m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"JLqJ4b ChMk0b\" data-language-for-alternatives=\"vi\" data-language-to-translate-into=\"de\" data-phrase-index=\"5\" data-number-of-phrases=\"6\"><span class=\"Q4iAWc\">M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft tr\u00ean trang tr\u00ean trang web \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 website.com\/page \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn mysite.com\/link, HTTP Referer nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean mysite.com s\u1ebd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 website.com\/page.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span class=\"VIiyi\" lang=\"vi\"><span class=\"JLqJ4b ChMk0b C1N51c\" data-language-for-alternatives=\"vi\" data-language-to-translate-into=\"de\" data-phrase-index=\"1\" data-number-of-phrases=\"3\"><span class=\"Q4iAWc\">Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb referer l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, do v\u1eady b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 truy v\u1ea5n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn website l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t tr\u00ean server.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, Long V\u00e2n s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c rule \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ecdc c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb referer gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o, qua \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n x\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n<h4>II. Khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>Khi website c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7n b\u1ecb spam li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1edfi c\u00e1c request c\u00f3 referer trong headhe, nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi:\n<ul>\n<li>Trong log access<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1160\" src=\"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/access-log-referer.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"164\" srcset=\"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/access-log-referer.png 1217w, https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/access-log-referer-300x49.png 300w, https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/access-log-referer-1024x167.png 1024w, https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/access-log-referer-768x126.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/li>\n<li>Trong c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng log error s\u1ebd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb referer<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1161\" src=\"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/error-log-referer.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"411\" srcset=\"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/error-log-referer.png 995w, https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/error-log-referer-300x123.png 300w, https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/error-log-referer-768x316.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>III. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1<\/strong>: T\u1ea1o file \/etc\/nginx\/referer_blacklist.conf ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c website c\u1ea7n ch\u1eb7n referder n\u1ed9i dung nh\u01b0 sau:\n<pre>map $http_referer $void_referer {\n    hostnames;\n    default                    0;\n    \"~*.example\\.com\"          1;\n    \"~*.example\\.org\"          1;\n}<\/pre>\n<p><span class=\"VIiyi\" lang=\"vi\"><span class=\"JLqJ4b ChMk0b\" data-language-for-alternatives=\"vi\" data-language-to-translate-into=\"de\" data-phrase-index=\"2\" data-number-of-phrases=\"4\"><span class=\"Q4iAWc\">K\u1ef9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf m\u1ed7i d\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201c~\u201d. M\u1ed7i<\/span><\/span><span class=\"JLqJ4b ChMk0b\" data-language-for-alternatives=\"vi\" data-language-to-translate-into=\"de\" data-phrase-index=\"3\" data-number-of-phrases=\"4\"><span class=\"Q4iAWc\"> bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u sau &#8220;<em>http:\/\/<\/em>&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;<em>https:\/\/<\/em>&#8221; . Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb &#8220;<em>.example.com<\/em>&#8221; s\u1ebd kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 example.com, abcexample.com v\u00e0 sub.example.com.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2<\/strong>: C\u1ea5u trong file nginx.conf . <span class=\"VIiyi\" lang=\"vi\"><span class=\"JLqJ4b ChMk0b\" data-language-for-alternatives=\"vi\" data-language-to-translate-into=\"de\" data-phrase-index=\"0\" data-number-of-phrases=\"1\"><span class=\"Q4iAWc\">\u0110\u01b0a danh s\u00e1ch blacklist v\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i <strong>http<\/strong> ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ecdi website tr\u00ean server.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<pre>http {\n    [...]\n    # void_referer\n    include referer_blacklist.conf;\n    [...]<\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3<\/strong>: C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh trong file c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh nginx c\u1ee7a website, b\u1ecf trong th\u1ebb <strong>server <\/strong>trong file c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh\n<pre>server {\n    [...]\n    if ($void_referer) {\n        return 403;\n    }\n    [...]<\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 4<\/strong>: Reload l\u1ea1i service nginx b\u1eb1ng l\u1ec7nh\n<pre>sudo systemctl reload nginx<\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 5<\/strong>: Ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi l\u1ec7nh url\n<ul>\n<li>V\u1edbi truy v\u1ea5n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, server ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng:\n<pre>$ curl -s -o \/dev\/null -I -w \"%{http_code}\\n\" https:\/\/domain.test.io\n200<\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>V\u1edbi truy v\u1ea5n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng referer t\u1eeb google (m\u1ed9t URL kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong ph\u1ea7n blacklist), k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u1eabn truy v\u1ea5n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng\n<pre>$ curl -s -o \/dev\/null -I -w \"%{http_code}\\n\" --referer http:\/\/google.com https:\/\/domain.test.io\n200<\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>V\u1edbi truy v\u1ea5n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng referer t\u1eeb example.com, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 truy v\u1ea5n l\u1ed7i.\n<pre>curl -s -o \/dev\/null -I -w \"%{http_code}\\n\" --referer http:\/\/example.com https:\/\/domain.test.io\n403<\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Long V\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Qu\u00fd kh\u00e1ch c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n referer spam \u0111\u1ebfn server. Ch\u00fac Qu\u00fd kh\u00e1ch th\u00e0ng c\u00f4ng !<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I. T\u1ed5ng quan Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 referer trong HTTP header s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 website tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn trang trang web \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n, referer l\u00e0 URL m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_oasis_is_in_workflow":0,"_oasis_original":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1156","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-web-hosting"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ch\u1eb7n SPAM referer tr\u00ean NGINX - Long V\u00e2n<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/huong-dan-cau-hinh-chan-spam-referer-tren-nginx\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ch\u1eb7n SPAM referer tr\u00ean NGINX - Long V\u00e2n\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"I. T\u1ed5ng quan Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 referer trong HTTP header s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 website tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn trang trang web \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n, referer l\u00e0 URL m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. 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