{"id":2243,"date":"2024-02-27T16:17:31","date_gmt":"2024-02-27T09:17:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/?p=2243"},"modified":"2024-02-27T16:19:07","modified_gmt":"2024-02-27T09:19:07","slug":"huong-dan-cau-hinh-va-xem-log-tren-linux-ubuntu-va-centos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/huong-dan-cau-hinh-va-xem-log-tren-linux-ubuntu-va-centos\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 xem log tr\u00ean Linux (Ubuntu v\u00e0 CentOS)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Linux th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n xem c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p nh\u1eadt k\u00fd cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t system admin s\u1ebd l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i log kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Linux, c\u00e1ch c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u log v\u00e0o file, c\u00e1ch xem v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c file log \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin trong c\u00e1c file log. Do \u0111\u00f3, bi\u1ebft n\u01a1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u gi\u1eef c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p nh\u1eadt k\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian qu\u00fd b\u00e1u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd Linux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">I. T\u1ec7p nh\u1eadt k\u00fd m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ec7p nh\u1eadt k\u00fd<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p nh\u1eadt k\u00fd trong Linux l\u00e0&nbsp;<code>\/var\/log<\/code>.&nbsp;B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p nh\u1eadt k\u00fd trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng l\u1ec7nh sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">ls \/var\/log<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y n\u1ed9i dung t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"965\" height=\"373\" src=\"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2245\" srcset=\"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image.png 965w, https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-300x116.png 300w, https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-768x297.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 965px) 100vw, 965px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Xem n\u1ed9i dung t\u1ec7p nh\u1eadt k\u00fd<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ec7p nh\u1eadt k\u00fd ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi&nbsp;<code>\/var\/log<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><code>wtmp<\/code><\/li><li><code>utmp<\/code><\/li><li><code>dmesg<\/code><\/li><li><code>messages<\/code><\/li><li><code>maillog<\/code>&nbsp;ho\u1eb7c&nbsp;<code>mail.log<\/code><\/li><li><code>spooler<\/code><\/li><li><code>auth.log<\/code>&nbsp;ho\u1eb7c&nbsp;<code>secure<\/code><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c t\u1ec7p&nbsp;<code>wtmp<\/code> v\u00e0&nbsp;<code>utmp<\/code> t\u1ec7p theo d\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.&nbsp;B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng&nbsp;<code>cat<\/code> c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i \u2013 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y. ho\u1eb7c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 xem ai hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 Linux, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng&nbsp;l\u1ec7nh :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">who<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 xem l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, ta d\u00f9ng l\u1ec7nh :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">last<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng&nbsp;<code>last<\/code> l\u1ec7nh v\u1edbi d\u1ea5u g\u1ea1ch ngang (&nbsp;<code>|<\/code>) \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam&nbsp;<code>grep<\/code> t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<br>\u0110\u1ec3 xem l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i, ta d\u00f9ng l\u1ec7nh :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">last reboot<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 xem l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">lastlog<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">II. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng rsyslog Daemon<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd l\u00e0&nbsp;<code>rsyslog<\/code> daemon.&nbsp;D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Linux v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p nh\u1eadt k\u00fd th\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c<code>\/var\/log<\/code>.&nbsp;N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p b\u1ea3n ghi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 Linux kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. T\u1ec7p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh rsyslog<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean file rsyslog.conf m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c log ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">cat \/etc\/rsyslog.conf<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra l\u00e0m 2 tr\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng 1<\/strong>: Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Seletor<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Seletor : Ch\u1ec9 ra ngu\u1ed3n t\u1ea1o ra log v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a log \u0111\u00f3.<\/li><li>Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng seletor c\u00f3 2 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch nhau b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u \u201c.\u201c<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng 2<\/strong>: Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Action<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Action:l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra n\u01a1i l\u01b0u log c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 l\u01b0u t\u1ea1i file trong localhost ho\u1eb7c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn IP c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 Log<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">mail.info&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \/var\/log\/maillog<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u00fac n\u00e0y b\u1ea3n tin log s\u1ebd mail l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o t\u1eeb info tr\u1edf l\u00ean. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c notice,warn,\u2026 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3 log l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c info, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 sau: mail.=info \/var\/log\/maillog<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">mail.*<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u00fac n\u00e0y k\u00ed t\u1ef1 * \u0111\u1ea1i di\u00ean cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u01b0u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c level c\u1ee7a mail v\u00e0o trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 khi \u0111\u1eb7t *. th\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0y n\u00f3 s\u1ebd log l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t file. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n log l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a mail ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ee9c info b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng k\u00ed t\u1ef1 \u201c!\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: mail.!info<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none \/var\/log\/messages<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u00fac n\u00e0y t\u1ea5t c\u00e1c log t\u1eeb info c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u v\u00e0o trong file log messages nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c log c\u1ee7a mail, authpriv v\u00e0 cron s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u v\u00e0o trong message<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. T\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o log c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang b\u1ea1n <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p nh\u1eadt k\u00fd c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh.&nbsp;\u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Th\u00eam \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 t\u1ec7p nh\u1eadt k\u00fd v\u00e0o t\u1ec7p&nbsp;<code>\/etc\/rsyslog.conf<\/code><\/li><li>Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i&nbsp;<code>rsyslog<\/code> daemon<\/li><li>Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec7n \u00edch logger<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u00eam hai d\u00f2ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0o t\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CentOS Linux&nbsp;<code>rsyslog.conf<\/code>. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>local4<\/strong>&nbsp;v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>local4.crit               \/var\/log\/local4crit.log  \nlocal4.=info              \/var\/log\/local4info.log  <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">vi \/etc\/rsyslog.conf<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"773\" height=\"411\" src=\"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-1.png 773w, https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-1-300x160.png 300w, https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-1-768x408.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 773px) 100vw, 773px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Ti\u1ebfp theo, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ec7p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">\/etc\/init.d\/rsyslog restart<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">systemctl restart rsyslog<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o nh\u1eadt k\u00fd ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng&nbsp;<strong>nh\u1eadt k\u00fd<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">logger -p local4.info \" Day la mot thong bao tin tu local4 \"<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00ecm trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c&nbsp;<code>\/var\/log<\/code> hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb hai t\u1ec7p m\u1edbi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"774\" height=\"208\" src=\"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2251\" srcset=\"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-2.png 774w, https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-2-300x81.png 300w, https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-2-768x206.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 774px) 100vw, 774px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1edf file l\u00ean s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o khi n\u00e3y <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"758\" height=\"206\" src=\"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2252\" srcset=\"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-3.png 758w, https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-3-300x82.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 758px) 100vw, 758px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">III. C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh Logrotate<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Rotating Log Files<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o t\u1ec7p nh\u1eadt k\u00fd, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.&nbsp;\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng.&nbsp;Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u1eadp tin tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c t\u1ec7p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecdng.&nbsp;Khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o, m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng quay nh\u1eadt k\u00fd m\u1edbi s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn t\u1ec7p nh\u1eadt k\u00fd c\u0169 nh\u1ea5t b\u1ecb x\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00f2ng quay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng qua&nbsp;ti\u1ec7n \u00edch <code>logrotate<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">cat \/etc\/logrotate.conf<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cho t\u1eadp tin <code>wtmp<\/code> v\u00e0&nbsp;<code>btmp<\/code> .&nbsp;<code>wtmp<\/code> theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0&nbsp;<code>btmp<\/code> theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.&nbsp;C\u1ea3 hai t\u1ec7p nh\u1eadt k\u00fd n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 n\u1ebfu&nbsp;c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u1ec7p tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3&nbsp;<code>wtmp<\/code> ho\u1eb7c t\u1ec7p n\u00e0o. <code>btmp<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh xoay nh\u1eadt k\u00fd t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c&nbsp;<code>\/etc\/logrotate.d<\/code>.&nbsp;Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb&nbsp;<code>logrotate.conf<\/code> with&nbsp;<code>include<\/code>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">ls -l \/etc\/logrotate.d<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"740\" height=\"275\" src=\"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2253\" srcset=\"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-4.png 740w, https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-4-300x111.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 740px) 100vw, 740px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 :<\/strong>&nbsp;Xem th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a g\u00f3i bootlog<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"626\" height=\"176\" src=\"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2254\" srcset=\"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-5.png 626w, https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-5-300x84.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 626px) 100vw, 626px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">missingok<\/mark><\/em>: N\u1ebfu file log b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i *.log th\u00ec logrotate s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh log c\u1ee7a file log kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t ra th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">daily<\/mark><\/em>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c rotate m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">copytruncate<\/mark><\/em>: File bootlog c\u0169 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 x\u00f3a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng log c\u0169<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\"><em>rotate<\/em>\u00a07<\/mark>: Gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i 7 file log c\u0169 sau khi rotate<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">notifempty<\/mark><\/em>: Kh\u00f4ng rotate log n\u1ebfu file bootlog n\u00e0y tr\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Rotate theo dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng file log<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh rotate d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng file. V\u1edbi&nbsp;<em>\/var\/log\/wtmp<\/em>&nbsp;khi size 1M s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o t\u1ec7p m\u1edbi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">cat \/etc\/logrotate.conf<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"829\" height=\"452\" src=\"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-6.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2255\" srcset=\"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-6.png 829w, https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-6-300x164.png 300w, https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-6-768x419.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 829px) 100vw, 829px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">size 1M<\/mark><\/em>: Logrotate ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea1y n\u1ebfu k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng (ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n) k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\"><em>minsize<\/em>\u00a0<\/mark>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadt k\u00fd \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 minsize \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c xoay t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y ra. T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y t\u1eeb cron) s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u00ec n\u1ebfu k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n minsize.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\"><em>maxsize<\/em>\u00a0<\/mark>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t ch\u1ea1y, n\u1ebfu k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 maxsize, m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng quay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn h\u01a1n k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1i \u0111a, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c xoay v\u00f2ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">create<\/mark><\/em> Rotate t\u1ec7p g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o t\u1ec7p m\u1edbi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">rotate<\/mark><\/em> Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ed1 v\u00f2ng quay c\u1ee7a fle log. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i 1 file log \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c rotate g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Ch\u1ea1y Logrotate th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 xem c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p nh\u1eadt k\u00fd trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c trong m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 CentOS th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">ls -l \/var\/log\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"746\" height=\"337\" src=\"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2258\" srcset=\"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-8.png 746w, https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-8-300x136.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 746px) 100vw, 746px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y ngay Logrotate, h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng l\u1ec7nh b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">logrotate -vf \/etc\/logrotate.d\/<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c tu\u1ef3 ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>-v: Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin, c\u00f3 \u00edch khi b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n d\u00f2 l\u1ed7i logrotate<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>-f: B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c rotate ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tin nh\u1eafn cu\u1ed9n qua khi t\u1ec7p m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o, g\u1eb7p l\u1ed7i, v.v. B\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi: <code>mail secure message<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">ls -l \/var\/log\/mail*\n\nls -l \/var\/log\/messages*\n\nls -l \/var\/log\/secure*<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nh\u1eadt k\u00fd m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o. C\u00e1c t\u1ec7p v\u1eabn tr\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ec7p m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh trong t\u1ec7p logrotate.conf<strong> <\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">vi \/etc\/logrotate.conf<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Sao ch\u00e9p logrotate \u2013&nbsp;<strong>copytruncate<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.vinahost.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/linux-log-logrotate-la-gi-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6323\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e9n \u2013&nbsp;<strong>compress<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.vinahost.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/linux-log-logrotate-la-gi-5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6324\" width=\"532\" height=\"94\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>logextate dateext \u2013&nbsp;<strong>dateext<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.vinahost.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/linux-log-logrotate-la-gi-6.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6325\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00fa ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y. V\u00ec v\u1eady, logrotate s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng sau l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng, h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n \u2013&nbsp;<strong>monthly, daily, weekly<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.vinahost.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/linux-log-logrotate-la-gi-7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6326\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u1ebft th\u00fac postrotate \u2013&nbsp;<strong>postrotate<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.vinahost.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/linux-log-logrotate-la-gi-8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6327\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Maxage Logrotate \u2013&nbsp;<strong>maxage<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.vinahost.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/linux-log-logrotate-la-gi-9.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6328\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Logrotate missingok \u2013&nbsp;<strong>missingok<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.vinahost.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/linux-log-logrotate-la-gi-10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6329\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd Linux. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fac b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng !<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Linux th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n xem c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p nh\u1eadt k\u00fd cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t system admin s\u1ebd l\u00e0m. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i log kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Linux, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_oasis_is_in_workflow":0,"_oasis_original":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[296,5,295,148],"class_list":["post-2243","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux","tag-centos","tag-linux","tag-log","tag-ubuntu"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 xem log tr\u00ean Linux (Ubuntu v\u00e0 CentOS) - Long V\u00e2n<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/huong-dan-cau-hinh-va-xem-log-tren-linux-ubuntu-va-centos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 xem log tr\u00ean Linux (Ubuntu v\u00e0 CentOS) - Long V\u00e2n\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Linux th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n xem c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p nh\u1eadt k\u00fd cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t system admin s\u1ebd l\u00e0m. 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