{"id":952,"date":"2022-09-08T00:38:00","date_gmt":"2022-09-07T17:38:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/?p=952"},"modified":"2022-10-19T16:31:51","modified_gmt":"2022-10-19T09:31:51","slug":"mot-so-cong-cu-de-monitor-server-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/mot-so-cong-cu-de-monitor-server-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 monitor server Linux"},"content":{"rendered":"

I. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u:<\/h4>\n

Mo\u0323i h\u00ea\u0323 th\u00f4\u0301ng server \u0111\u00ea\u0300u c\u00e2\u0300n m\u00f4\u0323t ho\u0103\u0323c nhi\u00ea\u0300u gia\u0309i pha\u0301p gia\u0301m sa\u0301t va\u0300 qua\u0309n ly\u0301 phu\u0300 h\u01a1\u0323p. Theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1ch server c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111ang hoa\u0323t \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 monitor \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1eefu \u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i server Linux.<\/p>\n

II. Gi\u00e1m x\u00e1c c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y trong Linux:<\/h4>\n

C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 “top” v\u00e0 “htop”:<\/strong>\u00a0 \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 2 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n xem \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng quan th\u00f4ng tin h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 CPU \/ b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 xem t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c process (ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh) \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. L\u1ec7nh “top”
    <\/strong>\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n g\u00f5 l\u1ec7nh sau v\u00e0o c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh:
    # top<\/code>
    \"\"\n
      \n
    • Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ec7nh tham s\u1ed1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p cho l\u1ec7nh top:\n
        \n
      • \n
          \n
        • -h <\/code>\u2013 Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
        • -c<\/code> \u2013 Tham s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ed9t hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb t\u1eeb hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb l\u1ec7nh ch\u1ea1y service sang hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb t\u00ean service v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
        • -d<\/code> \u2013 Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ec5 khi refresh m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
        • -o<\/code> \u2013 S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean<\/li>\n
        • -p<\/code> \u2013 Ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi ID \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n
        • -u<\/code> \u2013 Ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n
        • -i<\/code>\u00a0\u2013 Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c idle task.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trong l\u1ec7nh top, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • D\u00f2ng 1:<\/strong>
            \"\"\n
              \n
            • Th\u1eddi gian hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
            • Th\u1eddi gian uptime.<\/li>\n
            • S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n
            • Load average hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian load h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong 1 ph\u00fat, 5 ph\u00fat v\u00e0 15 ph\u00fat cu\u1ed1i
              L\u01b0u \u00fd<\/strong>: Load average s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo server v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m. N\u1ebfu Server\/VPS c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 2 CPU(s) th\u00ec trung b\u00ecnh t\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi 2. N\u1ebfu con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y cao h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 CPU c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ee9c CPU c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
            • D\u00f2ng 2:<\/strong>
              \"\"\n
                \n
              • Tasks: T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7<\/li>\n
              • running: S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y<\/li>\n
              • sleeping: S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201csleep\u201d, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u0111ang t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng<\/li>\n
              • stopped: S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eebng<\/li>\n
              • S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 zombie (ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
              • D\u00f2ng 3:<\/strong>
                \n

                \"\"<\/code><\/h3>\n
                  \n
                • %us<\/code> (user cpu time): ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m do ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (non root) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
                • %sy<\/code> (system cpu time): ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m do ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (root) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
                • %ni<\/code> (user nice cpu time): ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m do c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean th\u1ea5p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
                • %id<\/code> (idle cpu time): ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m CPU \u0111ang r\u1ea3nh.<\/li>\n
                • %wa<\/code> (io wait cpu time): ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m CPU \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee3i trong khi c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh I\/O \u0111ang x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
                • %hi<\/code> (hardware irq): ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n
                • %si<\/code> (software irq): ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/li>\n
                • %st<\/code> (steal time): ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m do m\u00e1y \u1ea3o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                • D\u00f2ng 4<\/strong>:
                  \n

                  \"\"<\/h3>\n
                    \n
                  • T\u1ed5ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng(\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb Kib).<\/li>\n
                  • B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb tr\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
                  • B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
                  • B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m buffer cache.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                  • D\u00f2ng 5<\/strong>:
                    \n

                    \"\"<\/span><\/h3>\n
                      \n
                    • T\u1ed5ng swap c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n(\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb Kib).<\/li>\n
                    • T\u1ed5ng swap c\u00f2n tr\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
                    • T\u1ed5ng swap \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
                    • B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng.
                      Swap<\/strong> l\u00e0 RAM \u1ea3o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb v\u1eadt l\u00fd (RAM) b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1eadt Swap \u0111\u1ec3 khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7y ram v\u1eadt l\u00fd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb treo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                    • B\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh<\/strong>:
                      \n

                      \"\"<\/h3>\n
                        \n
                      • ID ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
                      • Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng(M\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u1ea9n b\u1edbt m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 user ch\u1ee9 m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ed1ng).<\/li>\n
                      • M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean.<\/li>\n
                      • M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nice (g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh shell v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3).<\/li>\n
                      • B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
                      • B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u201cth\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa\u201d m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh lu\u00f4n \u1edf trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ra thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00e1c)<\/li>\n
                      • B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb<\/li>\n
                      • CPU \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a 1 cpu.<\/li>\n
                      • B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m<\/li>\n
                      • Th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1y<\/li>\n
                      • L\u1ec7nh cha\u0323y.\n
                          \n
                        • \n
                            \n
                          • \u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                          • L\u1ec7nh “htop”<\/strong>:\n
                              \n
                            • C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ec7nh htop<\/strong> c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 top<\/strong>, ngo\u00e0i ra ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t htop<\/strong> ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ec7nh sau:
                              \n# yum install epel-release -y\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/code><\/code>
                              \n# yum install htop -y\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 <\/code><\/li>\n
                            • \u0110\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng htop ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ec7nh
                              # htop
                              \n\"\"<\/code><\/li>\n
                            • Ph\u00edm t\u1eaft v\u00e0 ph\u00edm ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng Htop<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                              M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00edm t\u1eaft v\u00e0 ph\u00edm ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi htop<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                              M\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/strong><\/td>\n\n

                              Ph\u00edm ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                              		Ph\u00edm t\u1eaft<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              Help<\/td>\nF1<\/td>\nh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              Setup<\/td>\nF2<\/td>\ns<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              Seach Process<\/td>\nF3<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              Inver Sort Order<\/td>\nF4<\/td>\ni<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              Tree<\/td>\nF5<\/td>\nt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              Sort by<\/td>\nF6<\/td>\n><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              Nice \u2013 (Change Priority)<\/td>\nF7<\/td>\n[<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              Nice + (Change Priority)<\/td>\nF8<\/td>\n]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              Kill<\/td>\nF9<\/td>\nk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              Quit<\/td>\nF10<\/td>\nq<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                              \u00a0<\/p>\n

                              III. C\u00e1ch gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean linux:<\/h3>\n
                                \n
                              1. Nethogs<\/strong><\/strong>\n
                                  \n
                                • \u0110\u00ea\u0309 bi\u00ea\u0301t \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c \u01b0\u0301ng du\u0323ng na\u0300o \u0111ang s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng nhi\u00ea\u0300u b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng, nethogs l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u00ea\u0309m tra va\u0300 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea real-time v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng network tr\u00ean server.<\/li>\n
                                • Tr\u00ean Centos, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t nethogs b\u1eb1ng l\u1ec7nh sau:
                                  #yum install nethogs -y\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 <\/code><\/li>\n
                                • Sau \u0111\u00f3, nethogs<\/code><\/strong> l\u1ec7nh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n:\n
                                  #nethogs    <\/code><\/pre>\n
                                  \"\"<\/p>\n
                                  nethogs<\/code><\/strong> li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u1eebng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                • Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n\u00a0nethogs<\/code>:\n
                                    \n
                                  • M<\/strong>\u00a0: Thay \u0111\u1ed5i hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb gi\u1eefa \u201ckb \/ s\u201d, \u201ckb\u201d, \u201cb\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cmb\u201d.<\/li>\n
                                  • R<\/strong>\u00a0: S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n
                                  • S<\/strong>\u00a0: S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1eedi.<\/li>\n
                                  • Q<\/strong> : Thoa\u0301t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                  • \n
                                    Nh\u1eefng options c\u1ee7a NetHogs s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00e8m v\u1edbi l\u1ec7nh nethogs<\/code>:<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                      \n
                                    • \n
                                        \n
                                      • \n
                                          \n
                                        • -d<\/code> : Delay th\u1eddi gian c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin theo mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/code><\/li>\n
                                        • -h<\/code> : Danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c option c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
                                        • -p<\/code> : Sniff trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p (kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng).<\/li>\n
                                        • -t<\/code> : Tracemode.<\/li>\n
                                        • -V<\/code> : Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u00f4ng tin phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                            \n
                                          1. \n
                                              \n
                                            • \u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                            • Iptraf-ng<\/strong>\n
                                                \n
                                              • <\/code>iptraf-ng<\/strong><\/code> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n
                                              • B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t iptraf-ng<\/strong><\/code> b\u1eb1ng l\u1ec7nh sau:
                                                #yum install<\/span> iptraf-ng -y\u00a0 <\/code><\/li>\n
                                              • Sau \u0111\u00f3, nethogs<\/code><\/strong> l\u1ec7nh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n:
                                                #iptraf-ng  \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/code><\/li>\n
                                              • \u01a0\u0309 giao di\u00ea\u0323n \u01b0\u0301ng du\u0323ng, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t menu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khung giao di\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ncurses<\/code><\/strong>.
                                                \"\"<\/li>\n
                                              • B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n \u0111ang k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
                                              • N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eadt tra c\u1ee9u DNS ng\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1ecdn Configure<\/code> <\/strong>v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eadt\u00a0Reverse DNS lookups<\/code><\/strong>.<\/li>\n
                                              • B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p TCP\/UDP service names<\/code><\/strong> xem t\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1y thay v\u00ec s\u1ed1 c\u1ed5ng.<\/li>\n
                                              • V\u1edbi c\u1ea3 hai t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadt, m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y:
                                                \"\"<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                              • Netstat<\/strong>\n
                                                  \n
                                                • L\u1ec7nh netstat<\/strong><\/code> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 monitor kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n
                                                • netstat<\/code><\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t theo m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u0300 kho m\u0103\u0323c \u0111i\u0323nh cu\u0309a h\u00ea\u0323 \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u ha\u0300nh. V\u01a1\u0301i h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Linux, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Centos, g\u00f3i ch\u1ee9a netstat<\/code><\/strong>l\u00e0\u00a0net-tools<\/code><\/strong>:
                                                  #yum install<\/span> net-tools\u00a0\u00a0 <\/code><\/li>\n
                                                • Sau \u0111\u00f3, nethogs<\/code><\/strong> l\u1ec7nh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n:
                                                  #netstat  \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/code><\/li>\n
                                                • B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t menu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khung giao di\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ncurses<\/code><\/strong>.
                                                  \"\"<\/li>\n
                                                • N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t -a<\/code><\/strong> t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng, nghe v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nghe:
                                                  #netstat -a\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/code>
                                                  \"\"<\/li>\n
                                                • N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n l\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 xem c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i TCP ho\u1eb7c UDP, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u1edd -t<\/code><\/strong> ho\u1eb7c\u00a0-u<\/strong><\/code> c\u1edd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng:
                                                  \"\"<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                  IV. C\u00e1ch gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng disk c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n:<\/h3>\n
                                                    \n
                                                  1. L\u1ec7nh “df”
                                                    <\/strong>\n
                                                      \n
                                                    • \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan nhanh v\u1ec1 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c disk \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ec7nh df<\/code><\/strong> . N\u1ebfu ch\u1ea1y ri\u00eang l\u1ec7nh df<\/code><\/strong> n\u00e0y s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t ra m\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng disk theo byte, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1i kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u1edf \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng GB \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng l\u1ec7nh:
                                                      #df -h\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 <\/code>
                                                      \"\"<\/li>\n
                                                    • N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n xem t\u1ed5ng dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ec7p, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam tuy cho\u0323n --total<\/code><\/strong> . \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd th\u00eam m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin t\u00f3m t\u1eaft:
                                                      #df -h --total
                                                      \n\"\"<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                    • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ec7nh “du”<\/strong>\n
                                                        \n
                                                      • Trong khi df<\/code><\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan h\u1eefu \u00edch.\u00a0M\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c,\u00a0du<\/code><\/strong> cung c\u1ea5p k\u00ea\u0301t qua\u0309 dung l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng theo th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n
                                                      • du<\/strong><\/code> s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c con n\u00e0o.\u00a0K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a\u00a0du<\/code><\/strong> vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea1y trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, ngo\u00e0i ra ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00a0ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec3n t\u1ecb r\u00f5 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n n\u00f3 -h:<\/li>\n
                                                      • #du -h
                                                        \n<\/code>\"\"<\/li>\n
                                                      • \u0110\u1ec3 xem k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ec7p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c, h\u00e3y nh\u1eadp th\u00eam ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 -a<\/strong><\/code> nh\u01b0 sau:
                                                        \"\"<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                      • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00ea\u0323nh “ncdu”<\/strong>\n
                                                          \n
                                                        • Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u01b0\u0301ng du\u0323ng s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng giao di\u00ea\u0323n ncurses<\/code><\/strong> cho l\u00ea\u0323nh du<\/code><\/strong>, go\u0323i la\u0300 ncdu<\/code><\/strong>, m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng:
                                                          \n#yum install ncdu -y\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 <\/code><\/li>\n
                                                        • L\u00ea\u0323nh ncdu<\/code> se\u0303 hi\u00ea\u0309n thi\u0323 m\u01b0\u0301c s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng disk trong th\u01b0 mu\u0323c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb:\"\"<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                          V. C\u00e1ch gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng RAM (b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb) c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n:<\/h3>\n
                                                            \n
                                                          1. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ec7nh “free”<\/strong>\n
                                                              \n
                                                            • B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng RAM hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00eanh free<\/code>.<\/li>\n
                                                            • Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn, \u0111\u1ea7u ra s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y:
                                                              #free\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 <\/code>
                                                              \"\"<\/li>\n
                                                            • \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u1edf \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc h\u01a1n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n -h<\/code> t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ra theo Gigabyte:
                                                              #free -h
                                                              \n<\/code>\"\"
                                                              D\u00f2ng\u00a0Mem<\/code><\/strong> n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec7m v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ngay khi c\u1ea7n cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c. Swap<\/code><\/strong> l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi\u00a0swapfile<\/code><\/strong> v\u00e0o \u0111\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                            • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ec7nh “vmstat”<\/strong>\n
                                                                \n
                                                              • Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, vmstat<\/strong><\/code> l\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t ra nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, bao g\u1ed3m th\u00f4ng tin RAM, swap, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a disk v\u00e0 cpu.<\/li>\n
                                                              • B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb:
                                                                \n#vmstat
                                                                \n\"\"<\/code><\/li>\n
                                                              • B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng megabyte b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f3 -S M<\/code>\u00a0 :
                                                                #vmstat -S M
                                                                \n<\/code>\"\"<\/li>\n
                                                              • \u0110\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea chung v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb, h\u00e3y nh\u1eadp:
                                                                #vmstat -s -S M
                                                                \n<\/code>\"\"<\/li>\n
                                                              • \u0110\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb cache c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, h\u00e3y nh\u1eadp:
                                                                #vmstat -m -S M
                                                                \n<\/code>\"\"<\/li>\n
                                                              • \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb cache.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n
                                                                Nh\u01b0 v\u00e2\u0323y, Long V\u00e2n \u0111a\u0303 hoa\u0300n tha\u0300nh h\u01b0\u01a1\u0301ng d\u00e2\u0303n ca\u0301c c\u00f4ng cu\u0323 ph\u00f4\u0309 bi\u00ea\u0301n \u0111\u00ea\u0309 monitor server Linux, chu\u0301c Quy\u0301 kha\u0301ch qua\u0309n ly\u0301 server hi\u00ea\u0323u qua\u0309!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
                                                                I. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u: Mo\u0323i h\u00ea\u0323 th\u00f4\u0301ng server \u0111\u00ea\u0300u c\u00e2\u0300n m\u00f4\u0323t ho\u0103\u0323c nhi\u00ea\u0300u gia\u0309i pha\u0301p gia\u0301m sa\u0301t va\u0300 qua\u0309n ly\u0301 phu\u0300 h\u01a1\u0323p. Theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1ch server c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111ang hoa\u0323t \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 monitor \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_oasis_is_in_workflow":0,"_oasis_original":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,4],"tags":[138,139,141,133,136,5,134,140,135,137,132,142],"class_list":["post-952","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-he-dieu-hanh","category-linux","tag-df","tag-du","tag-free","tag-htop","tag-iptraf-ng","tag-linux","tag-linux-monitor","tag-ncdu","tag-nethogs","tag-netstat","tag-top","tag-vmstat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/952","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=952"}],"version-history":[{"count":98,"href":"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/952\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1403,"href":"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/952\/revisions\/1403"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=952"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=952"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/longvan.net\/cong-dong\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=952"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}